Root properties of vegetation communities and their impact on the erosion resistance of river dikes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Wouter Vannoppen  Jean Poesen  Patrik Peeters  Sarah De Baets  Bart Vandevoorde 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(14):2038-2046

Predicted climate change and the associated sea level rise poses an increased threat of flooding due to wave overtopping events at sea and river dikes. To safeguard the land from flooding it is important to keep the soil erosion resistance at the dikes high. As plant roots can be very effective in reducing soil erosion rates by concentrated flow, the main goal of this study is to explore the variability in root system characteristics of five dike vegetation communities along the Scheldt River (Belgium) and to assess their effectiveness in controlling soil erosion rates during concentrated flow. This study is the first one to investigate systematically the erosion‐reducing potential of the root properties of representative dike vegetation communities in a temperate humid climate. Results show that the presence of Urtica dioica resulted in large differences in root length density (RLD) among dike vegetation communities. Observed RLD values in the topsoil ranged from 129 to 235 km m^‐3 for dike vegetation communities without U. dioica, while smaller values ranging from 22 to 58 km m^?3 were found for vegetation communities with U. dioica. The erosion‐reducing effect of the dike vegetation communities was estimated based on a global Hill curve model, linking the RLD to the soil detachment ratio (SDR; i.e. the ratio of the soil detachment rate for root‐permeated topsoils to the soil detachment rate for root‐free topsoils). Concentrated flow erosion rates are likely to be reduced to 13–16% of the erosion rates for root‐free topsoils if U. dioica is absent compared to 22–30% for vegetation communities with U. dioica. Hence, to maintain a high resistance of the soil against concentrated flow erosion it is important to avoid the overgrowth of grassland by U. dioica through an effective vegetation management. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Maintenance of Environmental Sustainability Through Microbiological Study of Pharmaceutical Solid Wastes          下载免费PDF全文

Fouzia Ferdous Khan Chowdhury  Mrityunjoy Acharjee  Rashed Noor 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(3):309-316

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Long time-series spatiotemporal variations of NPP and water use efficiency in the lower Heihe River Basin with serious water scarcity     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

It is of great significance to analyze the long time-series spatiotemporal dynamics of water use efficiency (WUE) to formulating appropriate management measures in response to the growing water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. This study analyzed the long time-series variations of WUE in the Lower Heihe River Basin, a typical arid and semi-arid region in China. The net primary productivity (NPP) was first estimated with the C-fix model, then WUE during 2001–2010 was calculated with the NPP and evapotranspiration (ET) data, and the accumulative WUE was further calculated. The results showed that the annual NPP and WUE in the study area ranged from zero to 448.70 gC/(m² a) and from zero to 2.20 gC kg⁻¹ H₂O, respectively, both of which showed an overall increasing trend during 2001–2010. Besides, the spatial pattern of WUE kept overall unchanged during 2001–2010, but with remarkable change in some part of the study area. In addition, the accumulative WUE of the whole study area showed a first sharply decreasing and then gradually increasing trend, but there was still some scope to improve the WUE, and it is necessary to carry out some more specific policies to further improve the water allocation and WUE within the Lower Heihe River Basin. Although with some uncertainties, these results still can provide valuable reference information for improving the water resource management and ecological conservation to guarantee provision of essential ecosystem services in arid and semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

生产性服务业视角下城市网络的演化模式与机制研究——以长江三角洲为例   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

王聪  曹有挥 《地理科学》2019,39(2):285-293

从行业属性、企业内部因素和城市所处的环境3个层面的耦合关系视角,对生产性服务业视角下城市网络的形成演化模式和演化机制进行了理论探索。在基于地理空间的行政等级体系基础上,考虑到生产性服务业发展对于城市网络的综合影响,归纳了由初始集聚阶段-非均衡扩散阶段-等级网络形成阶段-网络成熟阶段的生产性服务业视角下城市网络的一般演化模式。实证研究表明,长三角城市网络正处于非均衡扩散向等级网络阶段演化的过渡时期,表现出网络的层级特征愈发明显、水平联系不断增强、联系方向更加多样化、服务功能联系差距缩小等特征。联系便捷程度、创新要素支撑、制造业发展基础,以及城市能级推动等要素对于长三角城市网络的影响较大。  相似文献   

基于多源遥感数据的区域生态系统服务价值年际动态监测 ——以中原城市群为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王万同  孙汀  王金霞  付强  安传艳 《地理科学》2019,39(4):680-687

通过对多源遥感数据在生态系统服务价值（ESV）遥感模型中的尺度效应分析,选择满足最佳空间分辨率和长时间序列的遥感数据,对中原城市群区域2001~2013年的ESV实现了逐年逐像元水平的动态监测。结果表明：该区应用于遥感模型输入数据的最适空间分辨率为30~1 000 m,相对于30 m尺度,其他尺度估算结果的相对偏差均小于0.4%;结合年际动态监测的需求,选择了MODIS数据产品（空间分辨率500 m,时间尺度1 a）作为遥感模型的最佳数据源;研究区ESV总值在研究期内整体上呈显著增长趋势,增速约为8.6亿元/a,但在持续增长过程中经历了3次波动,且表现得越来越剧烈;在空间上,研究区ESV多年均值呈现出明显的不均衡性,表现为从西南向东部递减的趋势。研究表明此方法简单易行,初步实现了区域ESV年际动态监测遥感模型的准业务化运行。  相似文献   

辽宁省海洋服务新业态培育与法律保障研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘洋  裴兆斌  王悦 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(3):28-33

海洋服务业已成为海洋经济发展的重要引擎,"十三五"时期是辽宁省海洋经济加快转型升级的关键期,要求培育新动能、发展新模式。因此,培育海洋服务新业态对辽宁省海洋经济发展具有重要意义。文章针对辽宁海洋服务业发展滞后,规模偏小、区域发展不平衡,同质化严重、科技含量低,层次相对低下、与其他产业融合不足,资源整合较差等问题,提出培育海洋服务新业态重要路径为:积极发展四大产业,提高经济规模总量;优化产业区域布局,形成错位发展;提高科技含量,提升海洋服务业层次;促进海洋服务业与其他行业融合协调,提升资源整合度。法律保障措施为:完善法规体系、严格项目审批、提高执法水平、健全应急管理。  相似文献   

Designation of marine protected areas in Belgium: A legal and ecological success?     

Dirk Bogaert  An Cliquet  Frank Maes 《Marine Policy》2009,33(6):878

In Belgium a long process (1999–2005) led to the designation of several marine protected areas (MPAs). In order to analyse the designation process, the ‘policy arrangement approach’ was used as an analytical tool. Attention was given to four dimensions (actors and coalitions, arguments, rules and resources). Particular attention was paid to the switch from an authoritative to a more deliberated policy style in reaction to conflicts with stakeholders. This switch in policy style contributed to a successful legal designation, but does not guarantee the best protection of marine biodiversity. This case study linked science (setting ecological goals) to policy (analysis of a policy process) and led to some more general conclusions on the designation of MPAs and the role of participation in this process.  相似文献   

生态系统科学研究与生态系统管理   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

于贵瑞  李文华  邵明安  张扬建  王绍强  牛书丽  何洪林  戴尔阜  李发东  马泽清 《地理学报》2020,75(12):2620-2635

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统学科以生态系统生态学研究为核心,通过研制生态系统观测和模拟分析的技术和方法,探索解决区域性/大尺度生态学问题的理论和方法,监测生态系统变化,认知生态系统变化规律,推动生态系统生态学、生物地理生态学、全球变化生态学和生态信息科学技术的发展,创新生态系统管理模式,服务于国家和地方的生态建设、应对全球变化及区域可持续发展。面向国家重大需求,在中国华北平原农业区、南方红壤丘陵林业区、青藏高原农牧区以及黄土高原区等典型区域开展生态系统管理技术与模式的集成与创新研究,着力解决国家生态文明建设和应对全球气候变化中的重大生态学问题,推动区域生态系统管理领域的科技进步。围绕生态系统生态学学科前沿,着重在① 生态系统联网观测、模拟与信息管理,② 生态系统结构、过程与功能,③ 生态系统空间格局与机制,④ 生态系统对全球变化的响应与适应,⑤ 生态系统管理与生态系统服务等五大主要研究方向,系统开展生态系统生态学前沿理论和实践的创新研究,研究成果处于国内和国际生态学研究的科学前沿。  相似文献   

地理信息服务的思考与探索   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王海龙  苏旭明  翁慧慧 《北京测绘》2009,(2):69-72

GIS正在从传统意义上的地理信息系统向地理信息服务发生偏转，地理信息服务已成为信息服务业中的一个重要组成部分。文中归纳总结了地理信息服务概念、技术体系、服务模式以及我国地理信息服务发展的差距、对策与建议。  相似文献   

地理信息公共服务平台的总体技术设计研究   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

陈军  蒋捷  周旭  翟勇  朱武  丁明柱 《地理信息世界》2009,7(3):7-11

国家地理信息公共服务平台建设与运行维护是一项超大型地理信息工程。为了切实做好统筹规划、统一设计、规范建设、分步实施,国家测绘局组织开展了总体技术设计研究,制订了技术设计指南。本文介绍了国家地理信息公共服务平台总体设计的基本思路和总体架构。  相似文献